Closed captions transcript:

00:00:00
Among those taking part in the session
are students from major Stoneman Douglas

00:00:03
High School where

00:00:04
a gunman killed seventeen people more than
one hundred of the school students were

00:00:08
also rallying Wednesday

00:00:10
a Florida state capitol to call for gun
control reforms American Christian

00:00:15
evangelical as Billy Graham often viewed
as the most influential preacher of the

00:00:20
twentieth century died Wednesday at the age
of ninety nine Graham for decades held

00:00:25
the Bible as he preached to more than two
hundred million people in one hundred

00:00:29
eighty five countries and territories U.S.

00:00:31
Vice president Mike Pence noted grants
influence on American society his ministry

00:00:36
and his matchless voice changed the lives
of millions and inspired our nation

00:00:41
Graham who had been ailing for many years
really appeared in public residents of

00:00:47
Syria's eastern Ghouta District said
they were waiting for their turn to die

00:00:51
Wednesday in one of the most intense
bombardments of war by pro-government forces

00:00:56
on the besieged rebel held
on Klav near Damascus. At

00:01:03
least thirty eight people died on
Wednesday and the British based Syrian

00:01:07
Observatory for Human Rights war monitor
said at least three hundred ten people

00:01:11
have been killed in the district since
Sunday night with more than fifteen hundred

00:01:15
people injured this is V.O.A.

00:01:18
News. You have

00:01:22
a nations left in the Trans-Pacific Partnership
or T P P release the final version

00:01:27
of their landmark trade deal Wednesday
David Doyle has that story the deal was

00:01:32
a centerpiece of the A bomb administration's
so-called pivot to Asia but Donald

00:01:36
Trump pulled out of the P.P.P.

00:01:38
Last year at the World Economic Forum in
Davos last month Trump left the door open

00:01:42
to join T. P.P.

00:01:44
At a later date if he got

00:01:46
a better deal on walls that would be welcomed
by some Americas reentry is far from

00:01:51
assured T.P.

00:01:52
People lower tariffs and economies that
together amount to more than thirteen

00:01:56
percent of global G.D.P.

00:01:58
a Total of ten trillion dollars That's David
Doyle reporting Israeli media reported

00:02:04
Wednesday that one

00:02:05
a prime minister Binyamin Netanyahu is
closest confidant has turned state witness

00:02:10
and will incriminate him in corruption
allegations police would not confirm whether

00:02:14
a long time aide Shlomo Filbert would
testify against Netanyahu but all major

00:02:20
Israeli media outlets said

00:02:21
a deal to do so had been reached so
we. Netanyahu called the scandal

00:02:28
part of

00:02:28
a witch hunt against him and his family
calling the allegations delusional and

00:02:33
false. The Velleman is the latest in

00:02:35
a series of events that threaten to topple
the beleaguered Israeli leader more than

00:02:40
ninety nine Gerri and school girls are
reportedly missing after Boko Haram

00:02:44
extremist group attacked their school two
days ago in the northern northeastern

00:02:49
state of Yobe

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a Jeff Custer has more people with direct
knowledge of the matter said ninety one

00:02:54
students were found to be absent after

00:02:55
a Tuesday roll call at the school the
disappearance has raised fears of another

00:02:59
mass kidnapping by Boko Haram which
abducted two hundred seventy six girls from

00:03:04
a school in the village of Chibok in April
two thousand and fourteen nearly four

00:03:08
years later more than one hundred of the
Chibok girls are still missing Jeff Custer

00:03:13
below news according to two sources
and local media the extension of

00:03:17
a state of emergency in the Maldives is
unconstitutional the country's prosecutor

00:03:22
general made that statement Wednesday
parliament approved on Tuesday the extension

00:03:26
sought by President Abdoulaye

00:03:27
a mean but was passed without the
constitutionally required quorum of forty three

00:03:32
lawmakers and at the Winter Olympics
Russian Alina Tova performed

00:03:37
a flawless Black Swan routine for

00:03:40
a world record score in the
figure skating short program and

00:03:44
a shot at the gold after Friday's free
dance in speed skating team pursuit of and

00:03:50
Norway won the men's event while Japan
to gold for the women Germany's

00:03:57
Marianna German. Took the gold in the women's
bobsledding despite never having won

00:04:02
a World Cup race for additional stories
as well as in-depth coverage visit our

00:04:08
website from Washington
I'm Steve Miller V.O.A.

00:04:11
News. That's the latest
world news from the oh hey.

00:04:27
It is Wednesday February twenty first and
this is video ways international edition

00:04:32
I'm Sarah Williams in Washington coming up
prominent American Christian evangelist

00:04:38
Billy Graham dies at the age
of ninety nine. May be. The

00:04:45
most significant the year and part of
American religious history in the twentieth

00:04:51
century new deadly air strikes hit a
Damascus suburb and singer Drake releases

00:04:57
a new single this is topping
the charts It's all ahead.

00:05:09
The American Christian evangelist Billy
Graham who preached to millions around the

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world has died at the age of ninety nine
evangelical leader prayed with and counsel

00:05:19
the world's most powerful and well known
figures including every US president for

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Harry Truman to Barack Obama Reverend
Douglass pope was director of the Lewis

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Center for church leadership at Wellesley
Theological Seminary here in Washington

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he tells me about Graham's ministry
Reverend Graham may be the most

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significant of the year and sort of
American religious history in the twentieth

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century he is the individual that
really put sort of the Crusade

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motto on the map in terms of engaging people
in communities not only here in United

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States but actually across the glow and
what he was able to do that was sort of

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unique is he was able to
make space not only or

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Evangelicals but controversially he
also would often have. People who are

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considered more liberal you would
also have Catholics. That would be

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a part of the crew say so he would have
all of these individuals and bring them

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together and his group say which made
him one of the largest figures in the

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twentieth century for sort of religion and
he took his evangelical campaign out of

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churches he spoke in public stadiums as
well I guess to perhaps attract people that

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normally didn't go to church you're
absolutely correct he did take it out of

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churches and he took it to the people and
to the communities I come out of the

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Methodist tradition and John Wesley used
to do field preaching where he moved out

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of the church into the fields to reach
those individuals who did not go to church

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but would come and hear him in the films
and Graham did something very similar and

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believing that there were

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a lot of individuals who truly
love God and wanted to hear

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a message from God but probably were not
going to come to churches but they would

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come to stadiums or other large places where
he would hold these events I will say

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that later and he has

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a life what he did try to do is still
connect those individuals the churches

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because he realized when he would hold
these big three say Zen many people would

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give their life over to cries he wanted to
make sure that they were able to sort of

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mature in their walk so he would often have
and congregations that would be able to

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connect with these individuals but again
but he truly believed that model was

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important because it moved beyond
just individuals who were in

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a church those who were outside of that
and possibly never thought about going to

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church because for whatever reason they
believe they would not be except that or

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they were frightened by sort of being looked
upon as not being religious and as you

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said he had

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a large international ministry he
traveled all over the world he preached

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symbolizes like Russia and. China countries
that critically during the communist

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era in Russia during the Soviet Union days
were very much atheist very much against

00:08:29
religion they did and even in those places
because I believe that figure he had

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become he was often still very
well received and because he

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really and his life and work reach this
message of love that was still really

00:08:48
grounded and bringing people to Frys
even in those places people still were

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compelled by what he was saying and he
sort of was able to transcend some of the

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boundaries that others were unable to
transcend in countries like China and Russia

00:09:06
that at that time certainly were not a
Christian nation he also although he was

00:09:11
a Southerner and from North Carolina he was
involved in the early days in the civil

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rights movement he had

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a friendship with Dr Martin Luther King
and he did not want to preach before

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segregated audiences he did that as
of course the pinna who you read is

00:09:29
controversial there are some who believe
that he did not do enough in terms of

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civil rights but on the other side of it
in many places he would certainly say

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he would not allow segregation that
take place that is meeting then and

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a couple of times it has been reported he
personally sort of took down the barriers

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to make sure that the races were not
segregated from one another and you mentioned

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King he invited King to for

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a before one of his big three say and he
was reported as saying after the one nine

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hundred sixty three bombing that the church
particularly the white church wasn't

00:10:11
doing enough to lead America or
racial justice he absolutely was

00:10:18
involved with civil rights he also. I've
received I think some controversy you

00:10:23
could say over the years because he was
friends with and certainly net with

00:10:26
a number of American presidents I think
most of them really since Harry Truman did

00:10:31
it's reported that he was influential in
getting Eisenhower to consider running for

00:10:36
president the most controversial probably
is Nixon and his connection to Nixon but

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he has been sitting next to all of the
presidents even going to Obama and has

00:10:50
prayed with many of them some individuals
believe that because of these connections

00:10:55
he was actually too political but others
believe what he was trying to do was be

00:11:01
the moral conscious of the country and
to help the president to also keep that

00:11:07
moral sort of consciousness in terms of
their leadership that Graham I think

00:11:13
was actually pretty effective and for the
most part and walking that tight rope

00:11:19
where. He did not sort of favor one
party or the other Reverend Douglas

00:11:26
Poda rector of the Lewis Center for church
leadership at Wellesley Wesley rather

00:11:30
Theological Seminary Well joining me on the
line is social media editor Bernard So

00:11:35
Doug I'm sure there's

00:11:36
a lot of reaction on social media to
Graham's death you know there's really just

00:11:42
one story trending today
and it's taking off like

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a rocket of course it's the death of the
Reverend Billy Graham and you know in some

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measure you know if you think about.
His public life you know some six

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decades or so to. The millions and
millions and millions upon people whom

00:12:05
have some kind of connection with them I
mean it's it's really remarkable and of

00:12:09
course today. Many of them are coming
forward and sharing some of their thoughts

00:12:15
and it's interesting too because as.
Dr poll was saying there you know he.

00:12:23
Is

00:12:23
a vast legacy but it's also complicated so
I just wanted to I think it's interesting

00:12:27
to read through some of the comments here
here's the Dr Kelly Ward she said Billy

00:12:34
Graham the time by the way than either
hash tag Billy Graham or hash tag B G one

00:12:39
hundred is getting

00:12:41
a lot of use may he rest in peace who
haven't remember what Reverend Graham has

00:12:45
always preached God loves
you and wants you to have

00:12:48
a personal relationship with Jesus Here's
dogs who are mills or I think is living

00:12:54
in Europe Billy was an inspiration and
example for many in preaching the true

00:12:59
gospel of salvation AROUND THE WORLD thank
you for braving the way for me and for

00:13:03
others here is Arizona take. Dr
Braverman Billy Graham is gone

00:13:10
and I work for his ministry in
the one nine hundred ninety S.

00:13:13
Such an inspiration need rest in peace in
the loving arms Jesus Christ in many many

00:13:19
go on like that. However not
everybody is. Against the serially

00:13:26
unhappy war you know it's complicated
reactions nobody ever wishes I think you know

00:13:31
somebody go on you know good you know good
on that but. Kerry Leslie's little thing

00:13:38
is with Evan Jellicoe no matter their
sincerity they maintain that status quo and

00:13:44
keep the poor in their squalor by promising
paradise in the hereafter razzing

00:13:50
rather than demanding change on this mortal
coil. And there was one other comment I

00:13:56
want to share with you I think it kind
of again strikes at the. Complicated

00:14:02
reaction. Years of the Tory Brown work is
this where we pretended Billy Graham was

00:14:07
a good guy instead of someone who told
Nixon to do something about the Jews

00:14:12
controlling America and leaders that the
gays were infecting the nation Vangelis vs

00:14:19
Christian no. Religious I think I mean
it's just fascinating to see how many many

00:14:25
many people seem to have you know some
connection whatever kind of connection I did

00:14:32
with with this individual and that actually
maybe is most enduring like Yeah well

00:14:38
thanks very much doubt that
social media editor Doug Bernard.

00:14:47
Here's some of the top news stories that
are trending Florida students rally for

00:14:51
gun control as demonstrations
spread to other states

00:14:55
a report says Somali authorities abuse
children and links to al Shabaab President

00:15:01
Trump orders the Justice Department to
propose banning devices that make some guns

00:15:06
more lethal and the Trump administration
says North Korea scrapped and meeting with

00:15:10
Vice President Mike Pence expanded coverage
of these stories and more on the V.O.A.

00:15:15
News dot com website this is the L.A.

00:15:18
.

00:15:27
This is. You need to
lose some weight so you

00:15:33
decide to go on

00:15:34
a diet of so many approaches to slimming
down which direction should you take one

00:15:40
friend says you need to cut down on
carbohydrates another says no the amount of

00:15:45
fashion week should be reduced so that
approach will take off the week you need to

00:15:51
use according to

00:15:52
a recent study from researchers at Stanford
University School of Medicine neither

00:15:57
of those new facts. Of approach is better
than any other test research suggesting

00:16:03
that the best way to determine

00:16:05
a successful diet path was to consider
various individual factors such as genetics

00:16:10
or insulin levels the researchers
in their study published

00:16:14
a move Journal of the American Medical
Association and soon found that this wasn't

00:16:19
true either I'm viewing
ways rich pantomiming.

00:16:29
This is international edition on The Voice
of America I'm Sara Williams coming up

00:16:35
we will hear

00:16:35
a new single from singer Drake. In

00:16:48
Syria's rebel held region of eastern Ghouta
near Damascus dozens have been killed

00:16:53
in

00:16:53
a period of just forty eight hours by an
intensified government bombardment it drew

00:16:58
the attention of the United States State
Department spokeswoman Heather Nauert

00:17:02
expressed deep concern Recent reports
indicate air strikes directly targeted

00:17:07
hospitals and with little civilian
infrastructure remains resulted in more than one

00:17:11
hundred civilian deaths in less than
forty eight hours the escalation is

00:17:16
exacerbating the already grave human
suffering of nearly four hundred thousand

00:17:20
people it also increases the number of
individuals who require urgent medical

00:17:24
evacuation which already stood at approximately
one thousand these odd regimes the

00:17:29
siege and starving tactics are adding
to the humanitarian disaster there the

00:17:34
horrors of East Aleppo are being repeated
in East Bhutto with the ongoing slaughter

00:17:38
of trapped civilians and woefully inadequate
access for humanitarian actors we call

00:17:43
it all parties to commit to the unconditional
deescalation of violence Russia must

00:17:47
and its support of the Assad regime and
its allies they're responsible for the

00:17:52
attacks for the dire humanitarian
situation in East and for the horrendous

00:17:57
a civilian death toll there now
are said the U.S. Supports a U.N.

00:18:01
Call for

00:18:02
a month long ceasefire to allow humanitarian
aid and civilians to leave Meanwhile

00:18:08
Proracing forces have entered the conflict
in the north west offering region

00:18:11
backing Syrian Kurds who are fighting
Turkish allied forces Middle East Institute

00:18:17
scholars there are ball tells international
editions Victor Beatty with the defeat

00:18:22
of the common enemy Islamic states the
various factions in the seven year conflict

00:18:27
have gone back to fighting each other. But
the end of the common enemy of all the

00:18:32
factions that are there including the
government and also the foreign participants

00:18:37
in the I S I S It's gone and that is that
is that all the other factions are not

00:18:42
all started really stopped their conflicts
but the difference basically is that at

00:18:48
this stage the government is much more
powerful and more dominant than it was in

00:18:53
the past five years so basically what the
government is trying to do is to put an

00:18:58
end to whatever remaining rebels are there
and that cities and mind is broaden

00:19:03
attacks have taken place and swear under
those circumstances Assad finds the

00:19:09
opportunity exactly the same as his father
did in the case of Hama many killed

00:19:14
about forty thousand people through bombing
is doing exactly that and it is and

00:19:20
also in other regions of Syria and you
will get to know about those and the next

00:19:25
couple of days as to how much bombing and
chemical weapons have been used as over

00:19:30
the last forty eight to seventy two hours
I want to turn to the northwest in our

00:19:35
friend where the Turkish
intervention has taken on

00:19:38
a new dimension with apparently the
introduction of pro Syrian not Syrian

00:19:42
government troops but pro Syrian government
forces entering on the side of the

00:19:46
Kurds what's going on here well I mean you
know this is going to happen and they

00:19:51
gave the Middle East particularly in this
part of the Middle East there's always an

00:19:56
issue that the enemy of my enemy is my
friend and this is exactly what's happening

00:20:01
right now being viewed at this moment as
left city with. This they would like to

00:20:07
give

00:20:07
a bloody nose so that they can then be vacant
so they don't create problems for whatever

00:20:14
remains of Syria in the future
but at the same time create

00:20:18
a situation you have to become tankful to
the government and Bob that is Assad and

00:20:24
also compromise and will
this lead possibly to

00:20:28
a direct confrontation. Between Syria and
Turkey I'd like with this why did the war

00:20:34
Oh yes it is in

00:20:36
a similar comment and then he's gone on
the circumstances all these sections are

00:20:41
going to try. And I see

00:20:44
a position as they were doing two years
ago why does Syria want to come in on the

00:20:48
side of the Kurds. And their great enemy
and they were like to support the Kurds at

00:20:54
this stage so they can do the fight for
them and after that has happened to cut

00:20:59
their cards out to the end of Middle East
Institute scholars of our ECB all U.N.

00:21:05
Aid agencies are stepping up preparations
to protect hundreds of thousands of her

00:21:10
hanger refugees and Cox's Bazar Bangladesh
from the ravages of the impending

00:21:15
monsoon season Lisa's
flying reports for V.O.A.

00:21:18
From Geneva this is a race
against time the first

00:21:22
a bungler Desh is to cycle and seasons
begins next month barely three months later

00:21:28
heavy monsoon rains will fall bringing
with them flooding and disease all of this

00:21:33
spells bad news for some six hundred
eighty eight thousand ring of refugees who

00:21:39
have fled to Cox's Bazar Bangladesh since
August to escape violence in neighboring

00:21:44
me and Maher they along with more than
two hundred thousand others who are of

00:21:49
arrived in earlier waves are living in
vulnerable squalid cramped settlements UN

00:21:55
refugee spokesman Andre my head she says
families most are Driscoll floods and

00:22:00
landslides are being encouraged to move to
other areas because the land is limited

00:22:06
He says priority will have to be given to
those most at risk today we are actually

00:22:11
beginning to relocate the first fifty
families living in one of the flood prone

00:22:15
areas to

00:22:16
a new and safer part of the site they
will be among three hundred eighty one

00:22:21
households who have been identified and who
will be relocated in the next week the

00:22:27
families will be relocated by the I. The
international guys ation for Migration

00:22:31
another big fear besides that of having
their homes swept away is the risk of water

00:22:37
borne diseases the heavy monsoon rains
and floods increase the likelihood of

00:22:42
outbreaks of diarrhea and have

00:22:44
a tiredness as well as diseases such as
malaria and dengue the government of

00:22:49
Bangladesh has given the World Health
Organization and partners the go ahead to

00:22:54
expand health services in the Rohingya
settlements in preparation for the monsoons

00:23:00
W.H.O.

00:23:01
Says it is coordinating more than one
hundred partners and two hundred seventy

00:23:06
health care facilities known to be operating
across all camps and settlements Lisa

00:23:12
shrine for V.O.A.

00:23:13
News Geneva this is fail way.

00:23:21
On Carol. Join me and two advocates
from the world of politics

00:23:28
public policy academia debating critical
and controversial issues of our day

00:23:34
bringing perspective and insight to the
world around us that's encounter every

00:23:40
Saturday and Sunday on
The Voice of America.

00:24:22
This is international edition
a well known rapper as

00:24:25
a new single out along with an inspiring
video the always border crosser. HOST

00:24:30
LARRY London joins me with the details
today it's a new song from Drake off of

00:24:35
a brand new E.P.

00:24:36
That he's just put out called scary hours
and this song is called God's plan and

00:24:42
it's number one on Billboard This
week she said Oh you love me.

00:24:55
So just tell us

00:24:56
a bit about this song Larry Well Sarah
this is the twenty ninth song in music

00:25:01
history to debut at number one on the
Billboard Hot one hundred charts it's Drake's

00:25:05
fourth number one song in the U.S.

00:25:07
His second as a solo artist it debuted at
number one in Canada and also in the U.K.

00:25:13
As well giving him his
second number one single as

00:25:16
a lead artist in London in the U.K.

00:25:19
And in addition to that
the new song comes with

00:25:22
a great music video in which Drake is up
and down the streets of Miami Florida

00:25:27
passing out money to people real money
this wasn't just a stunt he passed out

00:25:32
a million dollars in various different
denominations to people going by and Drake

00:25:38
apparently has an affinity for Miami even
though he lives in Toronto Canada he

00:25:43
donated fifty thousand dollars to

00:25:45
a scholarship fund at the
University of Miami to help out

00:25:48
a student there and he's donated other money
for Miami school funds and whatnot and

00:25:54
he said he wants people to be nice to one
another even if it's just for twenty four

00:25:58
hours but that's the new video the number
one song and it's from Drake who has been

00:26:04
absent for

00:26:04
a little bit but we're glad that he's back
and so the song is called God's plan and

00:26:09
probably one of the reasons
he likes Miami is it's

00:26:11
a lot warmer there than it is in Canada
at this time of the year that's very true

00:26:14
that's very less shuffling
Absolutely thanks

00:26:18
a lot Larry that's Larry London he's the
host of the always border crossings. Guys

00:26:25
and that is our show for today on
Sarah Williams thanks for joining us.

00:26:33
Next an editorial reflecting the views of
the United States government it will take

00:26:39
years for Iraq to recover from the devastation
caused by ISIS the country has made

00:26:45
tremendous strides forward said U.S.

00:26:46
Secretary of State Rex Tillerson at the
recent Kuwait reconstruction conference on

00:26:51
Iraq the government of Iraq rolled out its
ten year reconstruction and development

00:26:56
framework which complements its ten
year vision twenty thirty and National

00:27:00
Development Plan it combines government
reforms anti-corruption programs incentives

00:27:07
for private sector development and
international contributions to effectively

00:27:11
rebuild the Iraqi economy and identify
sustainable long term solutions to foster

00:27:17
economic stability the government of Iraq
is taking steps to match actions with

00:27:22
words to demonstrate that Iraq is
open for business creating meaningful

00:27:27
improvements to Iraq's business environment
and attracting much needed investment

00:27:32
for reconstruction projects across Iraq
the United States will maintain our

00:27:37
bilateral relations with Iraq through the
Strategic Framework Agreement secretary

00:27:42
Tillerson said to enable the defeat and
stability in the wake of ISIS the United

00:27:47
States has contributed more than two point
two billion dollars for Iraq in economic

00:27:52
and security assistance since two
thousand and fourteen the US is currently

00:27:57
finalizing the details on

00:27:59
a second F M F alone to build on the historic
gains these forces have made over the

00:28:04
past three years the Department of Defense
an ounce and additional nearly one

00:28:09
billion dollars to further support train
and equip Iraqi forces over the coming

00:28:14
year

00:28:15
a healthy private sector is essential to
creating the jobs and stability that are

00:28:20
needed and it will generate revenues
necessary for reconstruction and needed

00:28:24
investments in the health security and
transportation sectors steps towards. Your

00:28:29
private sector will require tough decisions
and perseverance but they will pay off

00:28:34
in the future said Secretary of State
Tillerson to help jumpstart Iraq's economy

00:28:39
the United States extended to Iraq three
billion dollars worth of credit through

00:28:44
the U.S.

00:28:44
Export import bank at the same time the
Overseas Private Investment Corporation has

00:28:50
five active projects worth two hundred
fifty million dollars in Iraq and is

00:28:54
reviewing over

00:28:55
a half billion dollars worth of new proposals
much work remains to rebuild Iraq and

00:29:00
modernize its economies as secretary
of state Tillerson helping Iraq create

00:29:05
a government that is inclusive
accountable and transparent will build

00:29:09
a society that can counter the extremist
ideologies this will deal ISIS its final

00:29:14
blow and demonstrate its
failed violent ideology.

00:29:25
Welcome to learning English

00:29:27
a daily thirty minute program from the
Voice of America Jonathan Evans and I'm

00:29:34
Ashley THOMPSON This program is aimed
at English learners so we speak

00:29:40
a little slower and we use words and phrases
especially written for people learning

00:29:47
English. Today on the
program you will hear

00:29:54
from Pete Musto and Alice Bryant later we
will present our American history series

00:30:00
The Making of

00:30:01
a nation but first Actually you will
bring us the news report. Students

00:30:10
from Marjorie's Stoneman Douglas High
School are pressuring state lawmakers in

00:30:16
Florida to consider gun control
laws but the move comes after

00:30:23
seventeen students and
teachers were killed in

00:30:27
a last week's shooting. The
students have organized

00:30:32
a demonstration for Wednesday in the state
capital of Tallahassee to put pressure

00:30:38
on the Republican controlled legislature
I really think they are going to hear

00:30:45
us out said Chris Grady

00:30:48
a senior who plans to attend the
demonstration he said he hopes the trip will

00:30:55
lead to some commonsense gun laws
like rigorous background checks

00:31:02
background checks are short investigations
of people who seek to buy weapons

00:31:08
shortly after the shooting several legislators
visited the school to see the damage

00:31:16
they appeared shaken Afterward some
Republican Party lawmakers said

00:31:22
Monday that they would consider new gun
laws however there is still strong

00:31:29
resistance by many Republicans
to any gun control measures SEN

00:31:35
BILL gal Votto is

00:31:37
a Republican and the incoming Florida
Senate president he said the Florida

00:31:44
Senate was considering several measures
including raising the age to buy guns

00:31:51
to twenty one he also
said it was considering

00:31:55
a waiting period for gun purchases creation
of gun violence restraining orders

00:32:02
and banning bump stocks these are
devices that permit much quicker repeat

00:32:09
firing of

00:32:10
a rifle. Officials said Nicholas Cruz
the nineteen year old suspect in

00:32:17
last week's shooting had shown warning
signs of psychological problems that could

00:32:23
lead to violence last year he legally
purchased the semiautomatic rifle he

00:32:30
used in last week's attack the Senate
also is considering increasing spending

00:32:37
for mental health programs in schools and
giving police greater powers to detain

00:32:43
someone considered to be a danger to
themselves the Senate will also look at

00:32:50
a proposal to deputize

00:32:52
a teacher or someone else at school
to permit gun possession still

00:32:59
some Republicans question whether
additional gun restrictions are the answer

00:33:05
Republican Senator Dennis Baxley said I
really don't want to see this politicized

00:33:12
into a gun debate he added We have

00:33:15
a terrible problem with obesity but
we are not banning forks and spoons

00:33:22
Democrats believe raising
the age limit and creating

00:33:26
a waiting period to buy rifles
is not enough Democratic Sen

00:33:32
Gary Farmer called such proposals
joke he said I don't see that

00:33:39
as

00:33:40
a restriction it should never have been that
an eighteen year old could buy an assault

00:33:46
weapon no Floridians should be able
to buy an assault weapon. U.S.

00:33:52
Federal law permits those eighteen and
over to buy rifles cruise past the

00:33:59
required investigations to buy the A R
fifteen he used in the attack as well as

00:34:06
at least six other rifles since the attack
students from Marjorie Stoneman Douglas

00:34:13
High School have become increasingly vocal
about their demands for gun control

00:34:19
measures many are publicly naming the
politicians who take financial support

00:34:26
from the National Rifle Association
some criticized President Donald Trump

00:34:33
for blaming Democrats the critics
say Trump has taken no action Trump

00:34:40
announced on Tuesday that
he has directed the U.S.

00:34:44
Attorney general to create rules that
would ban bump stocks the high school

00:34:51
students are also calling for anti gun
violence demonstrations on March twenty

00:34:57
fourth in Washington D.C.

00:35:00
And other cities.

00:35:39
On

00:35:39
a recent program we told you the stories of
English words borrowed from other languages

00:35:47
. Today we will tell you about
words that English has taken from

00:35:53
Chinese many of the Chinese words
that are now part of English

00:36:00
were borrowed long ago they are
most often from Cantonese or other

00:36:07
Chinese languages rather than
Mandarin let's start with

00:36:13
kowtow the English word kowtow is

00:36:19
a verb that means to agree to easily to
do what someone else wants you to do

00:36:27
or to obey someone with power in

00:36:30
a way that seems weak it comes
from the Cantonese word kowtow

00:36:37
which means knock your head it
refers to the act of kneeling

00:36:44
and lowering one's head as

00:36:47
a sign of respect to superiors
such as emperors elders and

00:36:54
leaders in the case of emperors
the Act required the person to

00:37:01
touch their head to the ground
in seventeen ninety three

00:37:08
Britain's King George the third sent
Lord George McCartney and other trade

00:37:14
ambassadors to China to negotiate

00:37:18
a trade agreement the Chinese
asked them to kowtow to the

00:37:24
Chen long emperor as the
story goes Lord Macartney

00:37:31
refused for his delegation to do
more than bend their knees he

00:37:38
said that was all they were required
to do for their own king it is not

00:37:45
surprising then that McCartney left
China without negotiating the trade

00:37:51
agreement. After that critics
used the word kowtow

00:37:58
when anyone was too submissive
to China today the usage has no

00:38:05
connection to China nor any specific
political connection another borrowed

00:38:12
word that came about through contact
between two nations is gungho in

00:38:19
English the word gungho is an adjective
that means extremely excited about doing

00:38:25
something the Chinese character's
gong and her together

00:38:32
mean work together cooperate
the original term

00:38:39
yeah good show said means Chinese
industrial cooperatives the

00:38:45
organizations were established in
the one nine hundred thirty S.

00:38:49
By Westerners in China to promote
industrial and economic development

00:38:56
Lieutenant Colonel Evans Carlson of the
United States Marine Corps observed these

00:39:02
cooperatives while he was in China he
was impressed saying all the soldiers

00:39:09
dedicated themselves to one idea and
work together to put that idea over

00:39:16
he then began using the term gung ho in the
Marine Corps to try to create the same

00:39:23
spirit he had witnessed in one
thousand forty two he used the word as

00:39:29
a training slogan for the second Marine
Raider battalion during World War two

00:39:37
The men were often called the gung
ho battalion from then the word

00:39:44
gung ho spread as

00:39:45
a slogan throughout the Marine Corps
Today its meaning has no relation to the

00:39:52
military. In English a typhoon is

00:39:57
a very powerful and destructive storm
that occurs around the China Sea and

00:40:04
in the South Pacific the
word history of typhoon had

00:40:10
a far less direct path to the
English language than gung ho

00:40:16
and not all historical accounts
are the same but according to the

00:40:23
Merriam Webster new book of word
histories the first typhoons

00:40:30
reported in the English language were
in India and were called to fonts

00:40:37
or to fans the word to fan or to fan

00:40:44
is Arabic and means violent
storm or flood the English came

00:40:51
across this word in India and
borrowed it as to fawn later

00:40:58
when English ships encountered violent
storms in the China Sea Englishman learned

00:41:05
the Cantonese word toy phone
which means great wind the

00:41:12
words similarity to to follow
on is only by chance the modern

00:41:18
form of the word typhoon was
influenced by the Cantonese but re

00:41:25
spelled to make it appear
more Greek a kumquat is

00:41:31
a fruit that looks like

00:41:32
a small orange it is native to
South Asia and the Asia Pacific

00:41:39
the word kumquat comes from the
Cantonese word kumquat or.

00:41:46
Meaning golden orange gum means
golden and quat means citrus

00:41:53
fruit or orange. The word also refers
to the plant that carries this

00:42:00
fruit in eight hundred forty six

00:42:03
a collector for the London Horticultural
Society introduced kumquats to Europe

00:42:10
not long after the fruit found its way
to North America another food related

00:42:17
word from Chinese is Chow the
English word Chow is slang for

00:42:24
food American English speakers
also use the phrasal verb chow

00:42:30
down which can mean to eat something
quickly and without good manners it

00:42:37
comes from the Cantonese word.
Which means to stir fry or to

00:42:44
cook the American English usage
of the word chow as food dates

00:42:50
back to eight hundred fifty six in
California Chinese laborers built the

00:42:57
railroads in that state back then the
word mainly referred to Chinese food

00:43:05
today it refers to all kinds of
food most Americans would have

00:43:12
a hard time believing that ketchup was
not created right here in the USA

00:43:19
ketchup is America's most
popular condiment but as V.O.A.

00:43:26
Learning English reported last year the
story of catch up began more than five

00:43:33
hundred years ago in Southeast
Asia the word catch up most likely

00:43:39
comes from the word cuts. From

00:43:43
a Chinese dialect called Moyo
the word originally referred to

00:43:50
a type of sauce made from mixing
pickled fish with spices. And

00:43:57
historians say the sauce was
probably first created in

00:44:03
a Chinese community in northern
Vietnam later this song would

00:44:10
reach Indonesia and to be called
chop the word first met the

00:44:17
English language in the late
seventeenth century when

00:44:21
a British colony in Indonesia
came into contact with this sauce

00:44:28
back in England the English first used
the word to refer to many types of

00:44:34
sauces later English settlers brought
to catch up with them to the

00:44:41
American colonies but the condiment did
not contain tomatoes until the mid

00:44:48
nineteenth century join us again
soon to learn the history of English

00:44:54
words borrowed from other languages
I'm Pete Musto and I'm Alice

00:45:01
Bryant.

00:45:13
Welcome to the making of a
nation American history in Theo

00:45:19
a special English. One day in
October of eighteen fifty nine

00:45:25
Americans were shocked by news of an
attack led by John Brown he was an

00:45:33
anti-slavery extremist many
people also considered him

00:45:38
a madman. John Brown had declared
that he was ready to die fighting

00:45:45
slavery he said that God wanted
him to fight slavery by invading

00:45:51
Virginia with

00:45:52
a military force and even if the rebellion
failed he predicted that it would

00:45:59
lead to a civil war between the
north and the South should there be

00:46:05
a war he said the North would
break the chains of black slaves

00:46:12
Brown decided to strike at Harpers Ferry

00:46:16
a small town about one hundred kilometers
from Washington it was part of

00:46:23
Virginia at that time but is now
located in the state of West Virginia

00:46:30
it had a factory that made guns
for the army and a supply center

00:46:36
a valuable military equipment Brown
wanted the guns and equipment for

00:46:43
the slave army he hoped to
organize. Harper's Ferry was

00:46:49
built on a narrow finger
of land where the shadow

00:46:53
a river flows into the Potomac there was

00:46:57
a bridge across each river Brown
organized his attack from across the

00:47:03
Potomac in Maryland Harry Monroe and
Jack Moyles continued the story of

00:47:10
John Brown and his raid on Harper's Ferry
with his force of less than twenty men

00:47:17
John Brown moved through the darkness down
to the bridge that crossed the Potomac

00:47:22
River two men left the group to cut
the telegraph lines east and west of

00:47:29
Harpers Ferry after the
bridge Brown's men surprised

00:47:35
a railroad Guard and they told him he was
their prisoner The guard thought they

00:47:41
were joking until he saw their
guns once across the bridge

00:47:48
Brown and his men moved quickly
they kept two people in the street

00:47:55
and another guard at the front gate of the
government armory they seized the armory

00:48:02
then crossed the street and seized the
supply center millions of dollars worth of

00:48:09
military equipment was
kept there after leaving

00:48:14
a few men to guard the prisoners Brown
and the others went to the gun factory

00:48:20
across town they seized the few people
who were there and captured the factory

00:48:28
without firing

00:48:29
a shot Brown now controlled the three
places he wanted in Harpers Ferry

00:48:36
is problem now was to hold what he had
captured. Brown knew he had little

00:48:43
time the people of the town would soon learn
what had happened they would call for

00:48:50
help and several groups of militia in the
area would come to the aid of Harpers

00:48:56
Ferry run planned to use the
people he had captured as hostages

00:49:04
the militia would not attack if there
was danger of harming the prisoners he

00:49:10
wanted as many prisoners as possible
to protect himself if his plan

00:49:17
failed he could offer them in exchange
for his own freedom and that of his

00:49:23
men Brown had decided to
camp pure as his best stage

00:49:30
Colonel Lewis Washington the Colonel was

00:49:34
a descendant of President
George Washington he lived on

00:49:39
a big farm near Harper's Ferry
Brown sent some of his men to

00:49:46
capture the old colonel and free
his slaves they returned from the

00:49:53
Washington farm after midnight they
brought Colonel Washington and ten

00:50:00
slaves they also captured
another farmer and his son

00:50:07
the slaves were given Spears and
told to guard the prisoners

00:50:13
then at the far end of the Potomac
River Bridge the first shots were

00:50:20
fired Brown's son Watson
and another man fired at

00:50:27
a railroad guard who refused to halt

00:50:31
a bullet struck his head but did not
hurt him seriously the guard raced back

00:50:38
across the bridge to the railroad
station. He cried out that

00:50:43
a group of armed men had seized
the bridge a few minutes later

00:50:50
a train from the West arrived at Harpers
Ferry the wounded Guard warned the train

00:50:56
man of the danger at the bridge two of
the train men decided to investigate

00:51:03
they walked toward the bridge before they
could reach it bullets began whizzing

00:51:09
past them they ran back to the train
and moved it farther from the bridge

00:51:15
then

00:51:16
a free negro man who worked at the railroad
station Hayward Shepherd walked down to

00:51:23
the bridge Brown's men ordered
him to hot Shepard tried to run

00:51:30
and was shot he got back to the
station but died several hours later.

00:51:49
Brown finally agreed to let the train
pass over the bridge and continue on to

00:51:56
Baltimore the train left
at sunrise by this time

00:52:03
word of Brown's attack had spread to
Charlestown more than twelve kilometers

00:52:09
away officials called out the militia
ordering the men of Charles Town to

00:52:16
get ready to go to the aid
of Harpers Ferry soon after

00:52:22
sunrise men began arriving at Harpers
Ferry from other towns in the

00:52:29
area they took positions above the
armory and started shooting at it.

00:52:37
The militia from Charlestown arrived at
the Maryland end of the Potomac bridge

00:52:44
they charged across forcing Brown's
men on the bridge to flee to the

00:52:51
armory only one of Brown's
men was hit he was

00:52:58
killed instantly round saw
that he was surrounded his

00:53:05
only hope was to try to negotiate

00:53:08
a cease fire and offered to release
his thirty hostages if the militia

00:53:15
would let him and his men go free
Brown sent out one of his men

00:53:22
and one of the prisoners with

00:53:24
a white flag they excited crowd
refused to recognize the white flag

00:53:31
they seized Brown's man and
carried him away ROM moved his

00:53:38
men and the most important
of his hostages into

00:53:43
a small brick building at the
armory then he sent out two more of

00:53:49
his men with a prisoner
to try to negotiate

00:53:53
a cease fire one of
them was his son what's

00:54:00
this time the crowd opened fire Watson
and the other Raider were wounded

00:54:07
their prisoner and skate to safety
Watson was able to crawl back to the

00:54:14
armory one of the youngest of
Brown's men William Lehman

00:54:21
tried to escape he ran from the
armory and jumped into the Potomac

00:54:28
planning to swim across the
river he did not get far

00:54:34
a group of militias saw him and began
shooting. Leaman was forced to hide

00:54:41
behind

00:54:42
a rock in the middle of the river two
men went out to the rock with guns

00:54:49
and shot him his body lay
in the river for two days

00:54:55
later more people were killed one
was the mayor of Harpers Ferry

00:55:02
fun tain back and. After the mayor's death

00:55:08
a mob went to the hotel where one of Brown's
men had been held since he was seized

00:55:14
earlier in the day they pulled him from
the hotel and took him to the bridge over

00:55:21
the river several members of the
mob put guns to his head and fired

00:55:28
they pushed his body off the bridge
and into the water across town

00:55:35
three of Brown's men were in trouble at the
gun factory the factory was built on an

00:55:42
island in the Shenandoah River the
island was now surrounded by militia

00:55:50
forty of the soldiers attacked the
factory from three sides they pushed the

00:55:56
three Raiders back to

00:55:58
a small building next to the river the
three men fought as long as possible

00:56:06
then they jumped through

00:56:07
a window into the river they
tried to swim to safety men with

00:56:14
guns were waiting for them bullets
fell around the three like rain one

00:56:21
man was hit he died instantly
another was wounded he was

00:56:28
pulled to land and left to
die the third man as death.

00:56:35
He was captured and held for trial.

00:56:57
All through the afternoon and evening
Brown's men at the Armory continued to

00:57:04
exchange shots with the militia several
more on both sides were killed

00:57:11
or wounded one of those was
another of Brown's sons all over

00:57:18
he was shot and seriously
wounded Knight fellow then

00:57:25
a militia officer Captain. Walked
up to the small building held by

00:57:31
Brown he shouted to the men
inside that he wished to talk

00:57:38
Brown opened the door and let him
in for almost an hour the two

00:57:45
men talked they talked about slavery
and the right to rebel against the

00:57:51
government Brown was furious that
the crowd outside had refused

00:57:58
to honor his white flag of truce
earlier in the day he told C.N.N.

00:58:04
That his men could have killed unarmed
men and women but did not do so

00:58:12
that is not quite correct Captain since
said mare back him had no gun when

00:58:19
he was shot then I can only say
I am most sad to hear it said

00:58:25
brown men who take up guns against
the government said sane must expect

00:58:32
to be shot down like dogs.
In Washington President

00:58:39
Buchanan and Secretary of War John Floyd
did not learn of the rebellion not to

00:58:46
Harpers Ferry until after ten o'clock
that morning the president wanted

00:58:52
immediate action. And that's
our program for today

00:58:59
listen again tomorrow to learn English
three stories from around the world I'm

00:59:06
Jonathan Evans and I'm Ashley Thompson.

00:59:23
From Washington D.C. Is V.O.A.

00:59:26
Mules. I'm

00:59:32
Jonathan Jones reporting hundreds of
students from Marjorie Stoneman Douglas High

00:59:37
School in Parkland Florida gathered
Wednesday at the Florida capitol and tell

00:59:42
a Hassy to pressure lawmakers to approve
tougher gun control laws the rally came

00:59:47
one week after one of the most deadly U.S.

00:59:50
School shootings a gunman killed seventeen
people at the school triggering

00:59:54
a wave of protests by students in Tallahassee
and elsewhere in the United States

01:00:00
teachers and Florida State Representatives
Sean Shaw joined the students on the

01:00:05
grounds of the Capitol where the
Democratic lawmaker criticized

01:00:09
a state House vote Tuesday along party
lines against a bill to ban a soul.

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